深松機種類和特(te)點

      機械化深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)按(an)作業性質可分(fen)為局部深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和全(quan)mian深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)兩(liang)種(zhong)。全(quan)mian深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)犁全(quan)mian松(song)(song)(song)(song)土，這種(zhong)方式適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于配合農田(tian)基本建(jian)設，改造耕(geng)層淺的土壤。由(you)于間(jian)隔(ge)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)創(chuang)(chuang)造了(le)虛(xu)實并存的耕(geng)層結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，實踐(jian)(jian)證明，間(jian)隔(ge)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)優于全(quan)mian深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)廣(guang)。局部深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)則是用(yong)(yong)(yong)桿齒、鑿形鏟或鏵(hua)進(jin)行(xing)松(song)(song)(song)(song)土與(yu)不松(song)(song)(song)(song)土相間(jian)隔(ge)的局部松(song)(song)(song)(song)土。由(you)于間(jian)隔(ge)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)創(chuang)(chuang)造了(le)虛(xu)實并存的耕(geng)層結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，實踐(jian)(jian)證明，間(jian)隔(ge)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)優于全(quan)mian深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)廣(guang)。

　　當前，在生產中(zhong)(zhong)應用的土壤深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)方法主(zhu)要有間隔深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)、壟溝(gou)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)、中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)、淺耕(geng)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)、壟翻深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)、全mian深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)等。

　　按作業(ye)機(ji)具結(jie)構原理(li)可分(fen)為：鑿式(shi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)、翼鏟式(shi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)、振(zhen)動深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)、鵝掌式(shi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)等(deng)。不(bu)同深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)具因結(jie)構特點不(bu)一，作業(ye)性能也(ye)有一定差異(yi)，適用(yong)土壤及(ji)耕地類型也(ye)有一定的(de)變化。深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)作業(ye)結(jie)束后(hou)，應將深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)降(jiang)落到(dao)地上(shang)，不(bu)可懸掛停放，應及(ji)時清(qing)除深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)上(shang)的(de)泥土、雜草，檢查零件有無損缺(que)。一般來講(jiang)，以松(song)(song)土、打破(po)犁(li)(li)底(di)層作業(ye)為目(mu)的(de)的(de)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)全(quan)mian深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)法(fa)，以打破(po)犁(li)(li)底(di)層、蓄(xu)水為主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)的(de)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)局部深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)法(fa)。有些種類的(de)機(ji)具兼有局部深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)和全(quan)mian深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)的(de)特點，如全(quan)fang位深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)、振(zhen)動深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)(song)機(ji)等(deng)。

深松機(ji)的安裝使(shi)用與(yu)調整

1.作業前準(zhun)備

　　(1)檢查各(ge)部件是否齊全，有無變形或損壞，各(ge)螺栓、螺母是否堅固。

　　(2)檢查各(ge)調(diao)整(zheng)機構是否靈活可(ke)靠，必要(yao)時應再調(diao)節。

　　(3)工作部件(jian)磨損嚴(yan)重時必須更換，否則影響深松(song)質量。

2.機具的安裝(zhuang)使(shi)用調整

　　(1)將深松機與(yu)拖拉(la)機三點(dian)懸掛(gua)相連(lian)接，調整(zheng)限位(wei)鏈或限位(wei)桿，使左右(you)下(xia)拉(la)桿左右(you)擺動，以不碰到輪胎為宜(yi)。在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態下(xia)，應與(yu)地(di)面(mian)保(bao)持(chi)平(ping)行(xing)。如不平(ping)行(xing)，需調整(zheng)上拉(la)桿保(bao)持(chi)與(yu)地(di)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)后，方可作(zuo)業。

　　(2)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)開(kai)始時(shi)，拖拉機(ji)應低速(su)行駛(shi)，操縱液(ye)壓桿，使深松鏟(chan)靠機(ji)具自重逐步進(jin)入土壤預定深度，作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)中機(ji)組應勻速(su)前進(jin)。

　　(3)深(shen)松(song)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)般(ban)松(song)土深(shen)度(du)(du)達到25—30厘(li)米(mi)即可(ke)(ke)打破犁底層(ceng)，若使用(yong)中(zhong)不能滿足(zu)要求(qiu)，可(ke)(ke)以通過調整拖拉機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)中(zhong)拉桿長度(du)(du)來實現。中(zhong)拉桿伸長，松(song)土深(shen)度(du)(du)增(zeng)加;中(zhong)拉桿縮短，則松(song)土深(shen)度(du)(du)變淺(qian)。對于深(shen)松(song)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)修理(li)，用(yong)戶只(zhi)要注意以下幾個(ge)原(yuan)則，完全可(ke)(ke)以自己修理(li)：1、松(song)土機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作的(de)(de)環境就(jiu)是泥土多，所(suo)以當松(song)土機(ji)(ji)有(you)故障的(de)(de)時候，要選一(yi)塊干凈(jing)的(de)(de)場地，將機(ji)(ji)器(qi)清洗(xi)干凈(jing)再修理(li)，否則，掉一(yi)個(ge)小元件(jian)都可(ke)(ke)能誤工(gong)誤時。也可(ke)(ke)通過上(shang)下移(yi)動限深(shen)輪位置來實現，上(shang)下移(yi)動限深(shen)輪可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)減松(song)土深(shen)度(du)(du)，將限深(shen)輪調整到所(suo)需要的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)(du)后，應擰緊螺栓。

　　(4)工(gong)作中機(ji)組打滑或達不(bu)到深(shen)松(song)深(shen)度(du)可(ke)在(zai)主機(ji)前加配重(zhong)或在(zai)后輪(lun)加配重(zhong)。

深松(song)機械化(hua)技(ji)術

   深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)是指使(shi)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)厚度超過(guo)一般(ban)耕(geng)作層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)厚度。機械(xie)深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術實質是用機械(xie)松(song)(song)(song)碎土(tu)壤(rang)而不(bu)翻土(tu)，不(bu)亂土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。通過(guo)拖拉(la)機牽引深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)機或帶有深(shen)松(song)(song)(song)部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯合整地機,可(ke)在不(bu)翻土(tu)、不(bu)打亂原有土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,打破堅硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)犁底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),加厚松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),改善(shan)土(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結構。通過(guo)疏(shu)松(song)(song)(song)耕(geng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以下5－15cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心土(tu)，可(ke)在保持原土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，調節土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三相比例，使(shi)耕(geng)作層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)下面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)熟(shu)化，為作物生(sheng)長發育創造適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)條件。

   深松常使用的機械有通用型深松機和全方wei深松機。

   通用型深松機由機架和深松工作部件構成。工件部件由鏟柄和深松鏟組成，深松有鑿形、箭形和雙翼形三種，鏟柄有輕型、中型兩種。可有效地打破長期以來犁耕或滅茬所形成的堅硬犁底層，有效地提高土壤的透水、透氣性能，深松后的土壤體積密度為12～13g/cm3，恰好適宜作物生長發育，有利于作物根系深扎。由于牽引阻力較大，這種類型的深松機一般要與大功率的拖拉機配套。工作狀態可分為超深松狀態和全mian深松狀態，前者耕深可達35～50cm，后者耕深為25～30cm。

   全(quan)方wei深松機的適用范圍；旱作土地打破犁底層，加深耕作層，提高蓄水保墑能力；灌溉地節約灌溉用水，改善土壤理化性狀；緩坡地防止水土流失；鹽堿地改良、漬澇地排水和草原更新。

4、工作時應確保不重松、不漏松、不拖堆。

5、工(gong)作(zuo)時應隨時查看(kan)工(gong)作(zuo)狀況，發現機具有(you)阻塞應及時整理(li)。

6、機(ji)器在(zai)工(gong)作過程中(zhong)如(ru)出現異常響聲，應及(ji)時中(zhong)止工(gong)作，待查明緣由處理后(hou)再繼續進行工(gong)作。

7、機(ji)器在工作(zuo)時(shi)，發現有(you)堅固和阻(zu)力(li)激增(zeng)的(de)狀況時(shi)，請(qing)當即中止工作(zuo)，掃除不良狀況，然后(hou)再進行(xing)操作(zuo)。

8、為了確保深松機的運(yun)用壽命，在機器入(ru)土與出土時(shi)應緩(huan)慢進行(xing)，不要對其強(qiang)行(xing)操作(zuo)。

9、設備工作一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間，應進行一次全(quan)部(bu)查(cha)看，發(fa)現(xian)毛病及時(shi)(shi)修理(li)。